
The vampire legend has been around since at least Roman times, with the specifics changing somewhat with each culture. Because of this, various vampire lore and legends can be contradictory. Ancient Roman "striges" could change into owls and drink the blood of babies. In medieval Eastern European countries, folklore of vampires as well as vampire slayers was common.
The vampire legend may have been fed in 14th and 15th century Europe with the brutal deeds of Vlad Tepes Dracula and Countess Elizabeth Báthory.
Bram Soker's 1897 novel
Dracula reinforced some vampire lore by putting it into mass print, and became vampire "canon" for all works to follow.
Vampire Lore & Legend
Becoming a vampire
Vampires are dead beings that come back to life.
In some legends the vampire becomes a vampire only after death.
In other legends the vampire is born a vampire.
To be born a vampire the child may be the child or grandchild of a vampire.
A child may be born a vampire if it has a caul or alternately a dark caul.
People usually become vampires by being bitten, but not killed, by a vampire.
Some legends have corpses becoming vampires when a cat or dog jumps over it.
Other legends say that a Witch becomes a vampire when s/he dies.
blood
Vampires usually need or crave blood, frequently human.
Vampires usually obtain blood by biting a victim's neck and drinking the blood.
In some legends they suck the blood through long, hollow front incisors.
In other legends the incisors are not hollow, but long and sharp to pierce the victim.
Fending off and destroying a vampire
Legend usually states that a wooden stake through a vampire's heart will kill it.
In some versions the vampire needs to be dormant for this to work.
The stake may need to be a certain type of wood, such as hawthorn.
Vampires usually can not tolerate sunlight or fire.
Some legends have vampires warded off by crucifixes, holy water, or garlic.
Vampires may not be able to cross moving water.
Some legends say that a vampire can not enter a building or a room without first being asked.
Some legends say that vampires dislike the sound of bells ringing, especially church bells.
Vampire dormancy
Vampires usually sleep during the day and come out only at night.
Vampires may also come out right at 12 noon for a brief period.
Vampires usually spend the day in a coffin or buried in the ground.
Etceteras
Some legends state that vampires can turn themselves into bats or wolves.
Some legends state that mirrors will not reflect vampires.
Vampires are usually said to be very charming.
Vampires may be compulsive liars.
Some legends state that a vampire's fingernails have a glass-like appearance.
Vampiric Medical Conditions
Three medical conditions may have led to people being inaccurately identified as vampires: (1). Anemia causes a pale skin complexion. This may have looked like vampirism. (2). Catalepsy can cause a death-like state for a short time to several days. A person coming out of this state will appear to be rising from the dead. (3). Porphyria is a rare genetic blood disease. It causes pale skin, sensitivity to light, and makes the incisors look bigger. Porphyria almost certainly influenced the vampire legend.
Vampirism for the Living
There is great interest by some people in living as a vampire. The role-playing game "Vampire: the Masquerade (TM)" by White Wolf has local chapters all over the world. The "game" is fairly complex, with many books available from White Wolf to guide play. Other people are very intent on developing a vampiric appearance, and may get permanent extensions on their incisors or have their skin bleached.
Literary Comparisons of Vampire Lore
Comparing vampires in literature, film, and television shows the great diversity in vampire lore.
In
Bram Stoker's Dracula, in
Anne Rice's books and on
Buffy the Vampire Slayer, vampires are destroyed by sunlight and fire.
The older a vampire is the stronger they become in Dracula, Anne Rice's books, and on BTVS.
Dracula and BTVS vampires will turn to ash when decapitated or stabbed with a stake to the heart. Anne Rice's vampires are not destroyed, however, by a stake to the heart. Anne Rice vampires are only temporarily destroyed by decapitation or dismemberment. Rejoining of the pieces will result in the reanimation of an Anne Rice vampire.
Anne Rice vampires are not harmed by holy water or crucifixes. BTVS vampires can be killed with enough holy water, and touching a crucifix will burn a vampire. Dracula vampires do not like crucifixes. This may be because, in Dracula and on BTVS, vampires are "evil" and in Anne Rice's books they are not.
There are no natural born vampire slayers in Dracula or the Anne Rice books. Buffy is a natural born vampire slayer.